1. 原級比較：
adj
adv
(a) 肯定：A+ V+ as+ many+複數名詞+as +B (A像B那樣…)
much+單數名詞
adj
adv
(b) 否定：A+ V+ not as+ many+複數名詞+as+ B (A不像B那樣…)
not so much+單數名詞
例：
1. He works as hard as I.
2. This book is not so interesting as that one.
3. I don’t have so much money as my brother.
請注意：肯定只能用“as…as”，不能用“so…as”。
2. 比較級：
(a) 肯定：A+ V+ more+ adj或adv+ than+ B (A比B還…)
adj+ er或adv+ er
(b) 否定：A+ V+ less+ adj或adv+ than+ B (A比B還不…)
例：
1. Steve runs faster than John.
2. Nothing is more important than water.
3. This sentence looks less easy than that one.
請注意：比較級要用than當連接詞，形容詞或副詞若可以加er尌不能再用more，而less後面的形容詞或副詞一律用原級。
3. 最高級：
in
(a) 肯定：S+ V+ the most+ adj或adv+ of + 名詞片語 (最…)
among
in
(b) 否定：S+ V+ the least+ adj或adv+ of +名詞片語 (最不…)
among
例：
1. He is the most famous of all the painters.
= of all the painters he is the most famous.
2. Robert is the tallest among his classmates.
= Among his classmates Robert is the tallest.
3. He is the least known(最不出名) of the modern poets.
= Of the modern poets he is the least known.
請注意下列要點：
1. 形容詞或副詞若可以加 est，尌不能再用 most。
2. 最高級是指三者以上，故介系詞後用的名詞應用複數。
3. 最高級後面的介系詞片語常常可以移至句首。
4.
A+ be junior to+ B (A比B還年青)
A+ be senior to+ B (A比B還年長)
A+ be superior+ to+ B (A比B還優越)
A+ be inferior to+ B (A在B還差)
A+ be prior to+ B (A在B之前)
A+ be posterior to+ B (A在B之後)
上列結構本身即比較的意思，故不能再加more，且因有to，故不可再加than。
5. The+比較級+S+ V，the+比較級+S+ V：表達“愈…尌愈”。
例：
1. The greater the gains (利潤) are, the higher the risks (風險) are.
2. The higher the mountain is, the colder it is.
6. 倍數：
(a) A+ V+倍數+as many as+ B’s
much
= A+ V+倍數+the number of+ B’s
amount of
(表達“A剛好是B數倍”，可數用many, number，不可數用much, amount)
(b) A+ V+倍數+more than+ B’s (表達“A超出B的數倍以上”)
例：1. My money is three times as much as yours.
2. My money is three times the amount of yours.
3. My books are three times more than yours.
7. 比較級可以加er，最高級可以加est的形容詞與副詞：
(a) 單音節皆可，如long, short, great, high, strong, weak, young, light等等。
(b) 雙音節則以少許由y結尾者，如happy, early, angry, lazy, pretty, wealthy等。
英文文法
