英國式英文與美國式英文的差異
台灣的朋友們,不少都以學習美式英文為主,因此,無論發音、拼寫或遣詞用字,都偏向美式英文的習慣。以國際期刊論文投稿來說,通常只會要求母語水準的英文表達,並不會特別規定要使用美式英文或英式英文。然而,如果是到英國求學,在撰寫報告或論文時,最好還是花點心思,採用英式英文,這樣比較能得到他人的認同。
英式英文與美式英文發音上的差異,很難在這邊用字面形容。大體上英國人的發音字字分明,顯得語氣比較重,而且語調變化豐富。
再來美式英文與英式英文在拼寫上也有所不同,常見的差異有:
- er與re對調
「中心」center(美)與centre(英)
「公升」liter(美)與litre(英)
「公升」liter(美)與litre(英)
- 英式英文在o的後方多加一個u
「顏色」color(美)colour(英)
「榮譽」honor(美)honour(英)
「最愛的」favorite(美)favourite(英)
「榮譽」honor(美)honour(英)
「最愛的」favorite(美)favourite(英)
- 美式英文單字中的z,在英式英文中則是s
「組織」organize(美)與organise(英)
「分析」analyze(美)與analyse(英)
「分析」analyze(美)與analyse(英)
- 還有一些完全不同的拼音方式
「輪胎」tire(美)與tyre(英)
「支票」check(美)與cheque(英)
「支票」check(美)與cheque(英)
名詞的習慣用法,美式英文與英式英文也有不少差異,例如「公寓」apartment(美)與flat(英)、「電梯」elevator(美)與lift(英)、「糖果」candy(美)與sweet(英)等等。所以在遣詞用字上務必要注意。
當然除了單字上面的差異,美式英文與英式英文在句子的表達上也有所不同,習慣的陳述方式也不盡相同,這裡就不一一敘述,大致上都是習慣用法,多聽、多看,自然能分辨出其中的奧妙。
在撰寫學術論文或投稿期刊的時候,英式英文與美式英文其實並無對錯,但要注意的是,通篇文章要使用同一種英文表達方式,也就是說,如果您決定採用美式英文,那不論拼寫、用字、句子都維持美式英文的表達方式。反之,如果您決定採用英式英文,就請維持英式英文的表達方式。千萬不可一下使用美式英文,一下又轉成英式英文,這樣整篇文章會顯得凌亂而缺乏一致性。
對於非英文母語人士來說,英文表達有時候很難運用自如,尋求專業的英文潤稿服務協助,提出您的需求,也不失為一個好選擇。
British English/American English Vocabulary
Here are some of the main differences in vocabulary between British and American English. This page is intended as a guide only. Bear in mind that there can be differences in the choice of specific terms depending on dialect and region within both the USA and the UK.
British English | American English |
anti-clockwise | counter-clockwise |
articulated lorry | trailer truck |
autumn | autumn, fall |
barrister | attorney |
bill (restaurant) | bill, check |
biscuit | cookie |
block of flats | apartment building |
bonnet (clothing) | hat |
bonnet (car) | hood |
boot | trunk |
caravan | trailer |
car park | parking lot |
chemist’s shop | drugstore, pharmacy |
chest of drawers | dresser, chest of drawers, bureau |
chips | fries, French fries |
the cinema | the movies |
clothes peg | clothespin |
coffin | coffin, casket |
crisps | potato chips |
crossroads | intersection; crossroads (rural) |
cupboard | cupboard (in kitchen); closet (for clothes etc) |
diversion | detour |
drawing-pin | thumbtack |
drink-driving | drunk driving |
driving licence | driver’s license |
dual carriageway | divided highway |
dummy (for baby) | pacifier |
dustbin | garbage can, trash can |
dustman | garbage collector |
engine | engine, motor |
estate agent | real estate agent |
estate car | station wagon |
film | film, movie |
flat | apartment, flat, studio |
flat tyre | flat tire |
flyover | overpass |
gearbox (car) | transmission |
gear-lever | gearshift |
Girl Guide | Girl Scout |
ground floor | ground/first floor |
handbag | handbag, purse, shoulder bag |
high street | main street |
holiday | vacation |
hood (car) | convertible top |
jam | jam, preserves |
jug | jug, pitcher |
juggernaut | 18-wheeler |
lift | elevator |
lorry | truck, semi, tractor |
mad | crazy, insane |
main road | highway |
maize | corn |
maths | math |
motorbike | motorcycle |
motorway | freeway, expressway |
motorway | highway, freeway, expressway, interstate highway, interstate |
nappy | diaper |
naughts and crosses | tic-tack-toe |
pants, underpants | underpants, drawers |
pavement | sidewalk |
pet hate | pet peeve |
petrol | gas, gasoline |
The Plough | Big Dipper |
pocket money | allowance |
post | |
postbox | mailbox |
postcode | zip code |
postman | mailman, mail carrier, letter carrier |
pub | bar |
public toilet | rest room, public bathroom |
railway | railroad |
return (ticket) | round-trip |
reverse charge | collect call |
ring road | beltway, freeway/highway loop |
road surface | pavement, blacktop |
roundabout | traffic circle, roundabout |
rubber | eraser |
rubbish | garbage, trash |
rubbish-bin | garbage can, trashcan |
saloon (car) | sedan |
shop | shop, store |
silencer (car) | muffler |
single (ticket) | one-way |
solicitor | lawyer, attorney |
spanner | wrench |
sweets | candy |
taxi | taxi, taxi cab |
tea towel | dish towel |
telly (informal), TV | television, TV |
third-party insurance | liability insurance |
timetable | schedule |
tin | can |
toll motorway | toll road, turnpike |
torch | flashlight |
trousers | pants, trousers |
tube (train) | subway |
underground (train) | subway |
vest | undershirt |
waistcoat | vest |
wallet | wallet, billfold |
wellington boots | rubber boots, rain boots |
whisky | whisky/whiskey |
windscreen | windshield |
zip | zipper |